These guidelines are arbitrary and subjective. Guidelines on severity of the anemia in the dog and cat are given below. Severity: This is determined by the degree of decrease in the HCT and will vary between species, depending on the lower limit of a the reference interval.This characterization is useful in helping to determine the mechanism and cause of an anemia. In general terms, anemia is characterized by severity, RBC indices and regenerative response. Also, young animals frequently have a physiologic anemia (due to rapid growth rate with hemodilution from plasma volume expansion, dilutional from ingested colostrum, destruction of fetal RBC, decreased production due to low erythropoietin concentrations) in the first few months of life (generally < 4 months old). Note, that splenic relaxation (anesthetic agents, tranquilizers) can result in an apparent anemia due to sequestration of RBC in the spleen (up to 30% of RBC may be sequestered in the spleen). Packed cell volume (PCV), which is readily measured in clinical practice, can be used as a surrogate for hematocrit (a calculated value from the mean cell volume and red blood cell count) and hemoglobin concentration, which are provided by automated analyzers. Anemia summary: Summary of the mechanisms and causes (not exhaustive) of anemia.Īnemia is defined as a decreased hematocrit (HCT) or hemoglobin.Overview of anemia (see below) with examples of how indices and severity can help us identify the mechanism and cause of anemia.In this section, the following will be covered:
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